Code of Ethics Essay - 777 Words

Code of Ethics In order to make certain that the animals are treated in a humane and ethical way, researchers are regulated and monitored by various government agencies. The US Department of Agriculture is responsible for enforcing the Animal Welfare Act and conducts unannounced inspections of research facilities. If the research is a grant recipient, the National Institutes of Health would be responsible for the regulation as well. The American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) is responsible for setting the standards for research institutions. Any institution that conducts research is required to have an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) that reviews research protocol,†¦show more content†¦Any personnel involved with the research must have familiarity with the guidelines of the experiment and also know that the animals well being is a major concern in the conducting of the experiment (APA, 2001). Once the research has been deemed necessary for scientific benefits, now the next step is to acquire animals for the experiment. According to the APA ethical principles, animals may not be bred by the researcher for the experiment, but must be acquired lawfully. If an animal is captured from the wild, it must be done in a humane way. When transporting the animal, proper conditions should include adequate feeding, water, ventilation and space and should not impose stress to the animal. Experiments involving endangered species require a permit be obtained from the Fish and Wildlife Service. These are only used as a guideline, any actions should be in compliance with any Federal regulations (APA, 2001). Currently, there are no specific guidelines by the APA when it comes to care and housing of the animals. This issue has been part of an ongoing debate between the APA and the USDA. The USDA views psychological well being as a concept, while the APA finds it is too complex to define (APA, 2001). In this case, the APA’s ethical principles for care and housing are on a case by case basis and are determined by a researcher who is familiar with the species uses judgement in determining the well being. Additionally, housing facilities are to meetShow MoreRelatedInternational Widgets : Code Of Ethics1019 Words   |  5 Pagescompany’s management and it is also going contrary to the company’s codes of ethics. The International Widgets has formulated a list of its code of ethics that govern the operation of the company. A summary of the International Widgets’ Code of Ethics is as follows: Confidentiality: the company is committed to maintaining a high degree of integrity in its dealings with its potential, current, as well as its past clients. 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This code is important for our employees, customers, shareholders and partners. This code explains and summarizes our stander that protects the company s reputability and its business from any risk. Moreover, it shows how we deal with our partners. We believe that our success depends on the actions of our members and partners. Because of that, we are committed to make sure that everyone in our company is compliance with this Code and other law. †¢ Binding scope. This Code of Ethics is written

The Is Our Legal System Effective And Just - 1691 Words

Injustice anywhere threatens justice everywhere, once said Martin Luther King Jr. Although this principle was once nothing more than a saying, throughout history it has slowly become a reality for humanity to face. When the legal system the people once relied on for justice has failed, law and order are no longer present. Instead, injustice and chaos runs rampant throughout society. As occurrences like these become more frequent, a question is raised toward our society: Is our legal system effective and just? In America, adolescents can be charged and sentenced as adults for violent crimes, regardless of their age. Sometimes, juveniles can receive very harsh punishments, such as life in prison, or even the death penalty. Is this fair?†¦show more content†¦The Supreme Court also recognized this when it was concluded that juvenile offenders are categorically less culpable than adult offenders (Wood). Juveniles are definitely not considered adults in society. As a result, the f ederal government has placed various restrictions on certain rights that are not deemed as appropriate for juveniles to possess. Many people who support these restrictions share an opinion with Barbe Stamps, who emphasizes that children are not permitted the same rights and responsibilities as adults because we recognize their inability to make adult decisions. These restrictions are usually lifted once the individual has reached the legal age, therefore being considered an adult in society. However, juveniles do not possess these restricted rights, such as the right to vote, the right to drink, and the right to smoke. Therefore, many argue that it is wrong for courts to sentence juveniles as adults because the constitutional rights of children cannot be equated with those of adults (Wood). Also, due to the fact that society does not consider juveniles as adults, the amount of liability placed on a juvenile is less when compared to an adults liability of their own actions. This is because it is assumed that the average adult is cognizant of his or her actions and the respective consequences, including possible repercussions. However, the average juvenile does not fit

Of travel Essay Example For Students

Of travel Essay I was in New York City in 1997 when I heard about the death of Aunty. When the call came in, I was alone in our tiny Manhattan apartment. It was on the corner of 145th Street and 7th Avenue. Immediately, I hurried into a C-shaped chamber I shared with Perry Winn at the time. Holding back tears definitely was not an option. According to the caller, she had died a mysterious death in Tabou, Ivory Coast. Actually, Aunty was not my aunt, as one may immediately assume. She was my long-time friend. She was my first love. Her father, Mr. Alfred Kenta, was a combined lawyer and local civil right activist. He spent the bulk of his time in Zwedru, Grand Gedeh County, where he had a government job. Auntys mother we simply her called Oldma chose not to follow her husband. She stayed back in Jarkaken, the same town where Aunty was born and brought up. Before I forget to mention it, Auntys real name was Comfort Sawlode Kenta. Her folks and eventually the entire Jarkaken community affectionately called her by a play-play name, as nickname is widely known in that rural part of Liberia. She was known as Aunty-baby, or simply Aunty. It is hard for me to forget many of the events that occurred in Jarkaken, especially while growing up there. I would love to re-live some of my most memorable moments from those days, but thats not achievable in this life. Aunty and I met while I was visiting the town from Wodayken, which was a tiny agricultural settlement built several miles away from Jarkaken. I was in the town to prepare for an enlistment into a male ritual. At the time we started dating, I was going on thirteen years of age, and Aunty was a year younger. We actually did not initiate the love affair. It was Auntys friend who played matchmaking for us. Her name was Cecelia Kanee Warner. We called her by her Grebo name, Kanee. I believe she was the oldest in our pack. She was notorious for fighting other kids. She was always caught fighting during recess at Kaytoken Junior High School. Her father, Oldman Sankon Warner, was an elementary science teacher. Her mother enjoyed singing in the local Assemblies of God church choir. The Warners were very active members in the A. G. Church. Aunty was a very beautiful girl; unfortunately, she never thought of herself in that way. Her eyes though very healthy looked different or atypical. They were assumed largely by the general public to be abnormal even though she saw the world just like any healthy person. Aunty was painfully bothered by grayish dots on her eyes. As if by design, each eye had one of the peculiar dots. Some kids made painful jokes about the dots. Occasionally, even some adults were downright insensitive and inconsiderate towards her. But according to my best recollection, Iforh Sayon Chea, a friend of mine, was the very first to truly and indeed heartlessly hurt my girls feelings. He was the architect of this demeaning portrayal of Auntys condition: bird-shit eyes. These were the vicious words he had coined and despicably used to depict the young womans terrible condition. Aunty was really uncomfortable with her condition, to say the least. I noticed that she was too shy to talk to me about her eyes. She did not tell me anything about Sayons offensive name-calling. She did not tell me about anyone else being mean to her. In fact, she never talked to me about her eyes. Equally, I never brought the topic up either. Clearly, my attitude was indifference; I saw a beautiful girl every time. Any eye-related issues I heard came from Kanee or another source. But I know one thing. The number one most-demeaning depiction that stood out among others was bird shit. The sound of this insult was enough, no matter who said it, to trigger Auntys excruciating emotions. Typically, she either ran home or into a self-imposed isolation. Other times she simply kneed with her face down and sobbed bitterly. The families of Kanee and Aunty were neighbors. Their houses were located in the borough of Karwea, not very far from the Prime Timber Product PTP sawmill. Thats how the two ladies became friends. Because Kanee liked to fight, she naturally provided a shield for Aunty. You may be surprised to hear that Kanee, the fighter, was also a compassionate figure that provided a shoulder for Aunty to cry on. Every time an inconsiderate person used the infamous curse words that depicted her condition, Kanee made sure to stand up physically for her friend. She never let her down. Because of the way the two carried themselves, some people thought the young ladies were sisters. Sometimes Aunty had to defend herself in the absence of Kanee and other good Samaritans. She was strong, but she was vertically challenged, or she was a very short person. She clearly stood well under sixty inches tall. There was an inferred height disadvantage every time she took on someone. She was a very stubborn girl, too. It always took long time for peacemakers to physically control her every time she had to physically confront someone. It is fair to say that she was bothered more by on-lookers than by name-calling kids in Jarkaken. Majority of the time, the kids showed disciplinary restraint. A great majority of the children hardly attacked Auntys eyes, and the few that intermittently attacked her did so while under extreme emotional stresses, which she might have induced. When it comes to Aunty, my memories will naturally continue to fade; however, they will never die. With that said, I do not remember the day or month we started dating. But I remember vividly the year. It was in 1984. Even though we were in the same school not same class, we interacted minimally at that setting. Our first real meeting, as far as I can remember, occurred at a local dance in the front of Mr. Wilson Swens residence. Mr. Swen was a prominent member in the town who was known for his propensity to defend the rights of people, especially women and the youth. Mr. Swen invited the young to a newly coined youth dance. The youth called it Jumayee. It was the only youth dance in the town. A fairly sizeable number of people over 45 showed little tolerance for the new dance. Mr. Jacob Chelae Belleh, an elderly man whose house was adjacent to Mr. Swen, used to go over and seize the drums the young used. . Of course, there was an underlying reason for the intolerance. The town of Jarkaken, along with other communities, had banned an earlier version of the dance, which was called Konbo. The new generation of youth had altered Konbos previously favorable traditional lyrics and had embarked on lyrics that were extremely naughty in nature. They used to direct sexually explicit words towards the towns females. The town felt compelled to put an end to the madness, permanently. Obviously, the banning of Konbo did not produce any positive change, such as the curtailing of youths unfavorable behavior toward decency and basic moral principles. Jumayee did not deviate from Konbo, as was evident from the following lyrical phrase: Bo wlede, e kpa Snehwiaa Pen. In other words, If you are late to the dance, you will be stuck with Snehwiahs Salamander. This lyrical comment was addressed primarily to males seeking sexy women. The phrase heartlessly depicted Girlju, Oldman Snehwiahs daughter. She was not ugly, but she was too small and tall. She had delayed entry into the puberty world; at the age of 12 she virtually had no breasts. Many boys said she was too slim and bony. They vehemently repudiated the notion of being in her presence, especially during the day. If some male was seen with her in isolation, he had essentially ruined his image. So, the young lady was mostly kept in isolation because not very many boys ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ especially the ones her peers dated wanted to ruin their prestige by stooping so low. They viciously and unsympathetically mentioned her name in their lyrics and equated her to a local amphibian. The young girl was humiliated because she was likened to a large but seemingly paled lazar. It was these kinds of issues that had triggered the banning of Konbo in the first place. Clearly, the Konbo biases were still present in the new dance. Well, while Jumayee was in progress, Aunty said she was in love with me. That was according to Kanee, the matchmaker. She asked Kanee to intervene in order to put us together. Kanee agreed to play the role. She knew that Aunty was too shy to tell me. That night, I was one of the singers at the dance. By the way, I was equally guilty because I sang offensive Konbo-like lyrics, too. A detective story EssayI stayed up the rest of the night thinking of what to say to my dad. Obviously, denying that something had happened was totally out of the choices I was weighing. The Oldma had convincing evidence that I was in her house. In her possession were my Janynidia, as the sanders were also called locally. Early the next day, say about 8am, my cousin RJ came to the house to visit. I explained everything that happened the night before to him. I even showed him some flip-flops slippers on my feet, and added, The Oldma has my sanders. It was a serious issue for me; RJ knew that, too. But somehow we caught ourselves laughing. I told another cousin, Saybeh Swen, and we tried to laugh it off, too. Iforh or I. F. found out much later. By noon, Mr. Josiah S. Winn, my father, sat under his almond tree. The tree had been in front of our house for well over a decade. By the time of my trouble, it had grown so big and tall or short, just the way we wanted it. We artificially controlled its height and how far it branched out. We used to cut the top-most branches. Regular trimming allowed it to grow new branches near the cut sites. The family regularly continued this grooming process during the life of the tree. The concept behind this was to have a tree with many branches. It also did not allow the tree to grow too tall. An opposite of this process would have resulted to a tall and weak tree that could not have withstood strong winds. During the sunny season, the manipulated tree provided adequate shade anytime of the day for those who sought refuse from the towns excessive heat. The front of our house gradually evolved into a recreational setting. Children, youth and adults alike frequented under the tree to play several of the towns popular games: marbles, ludu and the game of checkers. Some came to the tree not necessarily to visit us but to simply sit down and relax. The Oldma kept her words; she came to my fathers house. However, she did not arrive until much later in the afternoon. I wondered why so late considering the fact that she had been infuriated the night before. At about 2pm, she showed up to our house with my sanders in her hands. She walked behind Aunty who was setting the pace at which they traveled. They did not enter our house, but unlike the few folks that were utilizing the tree for recreational purposes, Aunty and her mother cared very little about tree-ameliorated comfort. They meant business that afternoon. The Oldma was not coming to sit under a shaded almond tree. Had that been the case, she would have sat under Mr. Jacob Nyenpans palms, which stood just a stone throw from her familys house. The Oldma was coming to talk about a troubled kid who had entered her house unannounced and slept in her daughters room. She was coming to confront an inexperienced trespasser. She knew the felon by name. She knew the person that left the shoes, which served as the elements of identification that facilitated investigators to point a finger at the perpetrator. With mountainous proof on hand, how could this intruder have denied any of the charges anyway? He was basically a sitting duck waiting to be picked up. My father was still under the tree when the Oldma and her daughter arrived with my sanders. She wasted no time: Last night, your son was illegally in my house. He was caught sleeping in my daughters room. In fact he jumped out the window and left these shoes. Before my dad could say something, she tossed the shoes in my general direction. A few bystanders giggled. Then she added, This is why I am here with my daughter. I have brought her to marry your son, Wilfred. . My father politely handled his friends concerns. Without further saying a word, she gestured the acceptance of dads apology and departed. As for Aunty, she only stayed for an hour or two, and then she followed her mother. Case closed! My father did not say anything to me in front of the Oldma. He did not say something to me immediately after her departure. His silence, I am assuming, may have been to spare me from additional emotional or physiological embarrassment since those who had giggled during the shoe tossing were still hanging around. Dad waited until the following day before telling me this, The next time you go to her house, use the door. Even though my father did not further offer elaborative or supportive comments, I knew precisely what he meant. It is a no-brainer that anyone who accesses another persons home unannounced and leaves through a window cannot be up to any good. So, his inferred point was as clear as crystal. I thought I saw a somewhat positive side, though. I believed my dad had essentially given me his seal of approval to continue dating Aunty. You may ask why I thought that way. Well, firstly, I heard what he said; however, what he did not say mattered a whole lot to me. He could have used one of his signature threats, The next time I see you or hear that you are over at Mr. Kentas house, I will order Kpadeh or Mantee to beat you, anything it costs me I will pay, laugh. He did not say that. He did not say dont go there; instead, he said ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦next timeÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦use the door. My father did not even use any harsh words towards me for my offense, which could have carried many felony charges by any national standard. I had anticipated some type of parental reprimand, but I didnt get any. I dont know why I did not get any corrective actions. My father, a renowned disciplinarian, chose not render any punitive actions for my crime. I did not stop going to Auntys house, though. In fact I frequented there after the incident. Auntys mother called me a few days after she returned my shoes and told me to ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦take care of my daughter. Did she and my father enter into some kind of compromise? Maybe they reached a mutual agreement to let us go on. In my judgment, however, the steps the two parents took or didnt take after the not so great escape could not have been mere coincidence. Anyway, I am not entirely sure any steps to bar me would have been effective, so the decision to avoid forcefully parting Aunty and me, weather intentional or not, was an excellent one. And no, I did not get the chance to take care of her. While nearing the threshold to maturity, a stage in life at which I could have handled individual responsibilities, I was relocated to Zwedru to continue education. Aunty went to Pleebo Maryland County soon after my departure, where she worked very hard and dealt with whatever life tossed her way. She did it well. I heard from friends and other sources that she used to buy palm oil in bulk and retailed it in the Pleebo area. She also did some trading across the Cavalla River in neighboring Ivory Coast. In July1994, just few months before my departure for the USA, I was very fortunate to meet her in Tabou during one of her errands. That was exactly a decade from the hour Kanee negotiated our love affair. Ten years had passed since we were behind the tiny hut, stirring away from each other and wondering who would be the first to say something. Now in Tabou, we were grown, but we were a world away from Jarkaken, where it all started and played out. We both agreed that our relationship had been very turbulent. We spent over four hours together in Kablake, Tabou, at Jerkins Norings residence. We did nothing but reminisced on whatever we identified as good and humorous in our past. Then I walked her home to Tabou Trois, another borough in Tabou, where James Jarbo had his house. Actually, she had stopped at the home of Dokuludo, her older sister who had married to Mr. Jarbo. So, that was the last time I saw her. She died in 1997 from an ill-defined condition. Shes always in my prayers; she is missed greatly. I know the Almighty God is blessing her Soul.

Parental Differential Treatment and Favoritism

Abstract It is a common circumstance to find parents favoring one child over the other children in the family. Based on research studies, a number of parents have admitted that they have favored one child over others in their lifetime (Donnellan, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Parental Differential Treatment and Favoritism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although favoritism is almost an inevitable act, it is interesting to note that all parents try to avoid favoritism. A parent can be more emotionally attached to one child in the family as compared to the rest of the kids. Parents might fail to notice their action of favoritism, but the children usually notice it. Favoritism usually takes several forms in a natural set up of a family. A parent can depict this act by spending a lot of time with one child compared to other siblings. Parents Favoritism Favoritism may arise when parents give a lot of attenti on to one child while neglecting the other children. There are several scenarios where favoritism in a family is depicted. Researches assert that there several reasons for favoritism (Munroe, 2009). As such, parents embrace differential treatment and favoritism of children based on age of the child, gender of the child, the personality of the child, or order of birth. There are several current ideas about the topic, which should be studied in order to understand their implications. The issues include how to handle child favoritism, what the religion says about favoritism, adolescence treatment, parental differential treatment, and family and relationships. In this article, I establish how parental treatment and favoritism of one child affects the other children and the favored child (Kluger, 2011). Through this, I would be interested in understanding the causes of favoritism, its effects, and its mitigations.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important for parents to note that favoring one child over the other children has serious psychological effects to both the favored and the less favored children. The result of these effects tends to be negative for the less favored children while giving positive impacts on the favored child. As such, the less favored children develop a negative perception about the act of favoritism and this result in negated attitude to both the parent and favored child. The evidence for this is the resentment observed in the less favored children, and this affects negatively the development of family relationship (Sonna, 2006). Parents should note that the unequal treatment of children should be avoided at all cost and at all times. The other devastating impact of differential treatment and favoritism is the depression and behavior change of the less favored children. In most circumstances, frustration and lack self-esteem are obser ved in the other siblings. It has serious impacts on the child’s progress in school and generally in life. The less favored child may lack confidence and courage, which is needed for development in life. It is also important to realize that the favored child is likely to encounter long-term challenges of trying to be accorded the same intimate relationship and favoritism that parents grant. The failure of this leads to depression since the favored child takes much of their time trying to get parental favors. On the other hand, favored children in some instances fail to develop their personality since they are in a close watch of parents. The other negative outcome of child favoritism and differential treatment by parents is the sense of unfairness and mistrust. Notably, children of tender age tend to have a strong sense of unfairness. Both the favored and the less favored are able to realize the lack fairness and imbalance in treatment by parents.Advertising We will writ e a custom essay sample on Parental Differential Treatment and Favoritism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It creates mistrust when the favoritism and treatment is inconsistent. A parent might favor one child at one time and another child next time. Children then become uncertain about the favoritism and hence they will not be sure about their parents’ treatment. The other negative impact of favoritism is sense of guilt observed in the favored child. Once the favored child realizes the resentment and anger by the other siblings, sense of guilty develops within the favored child. The reason being the favored child feels responsible for the differential treatment the other siblings are receiving. It is worst when parents at all times compare other children to the favored child. It portrays that the other children are less worthy and this damage their morale and confidence. In extreme cases, the differential treatment and favoriti sm causes rivalry as each child tries to win the parents’ attention. Siblings develop a long-term rivalry, which is not easy to eliminate. Another major effect of favoritism is the depression and behaviors related issues. In fact, research shows that even people with over 50 years still show rivalry if they experienced child favoritism during their childhood (Cohen, 2008). They even avoid talking to each other for long periods yet they are siblings. The negated attitudes and behaviors are blamed on the differential treatment and favoritism hence parents should try to mitigate it. The impacts of favoritism go even further to destabilize the relationship of the family. The respect, attitudes, perceptions, and interactions among the family members changes negatively. In this regard, parents should acknowledge that it is impossible for parents to practically treat children equally within a family and they should avoid explicitly depicting such acts of favoritism.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Cohen, C. (2008). Outnumbered, not outsmarted!: an A to Z guide for working with kids and teens in groups. Washington, D.C.: Advantage Books. Donnellan, C. (2003). Parenting. Cambridge: Independence. Kluger, J. (2011). The sibling effect: brothers, sisters, and the bonds that define us. New York: Riverhead Books. Munroe, E. A. (2009). The everything guide to stepparenting: practical, reassuring advice for creating healthy, long-lasting relationships. Avon, MA: Adams Media. Sonna, L. (2006). The everything parent’s guide to raising siblings: eliminate rivalry, avoid favoritism, and keep the peace. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media. This essay on Parental Differential Treatment and Favoritism was written and submitted by user Cheyanne Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.